HIV prevention is a matter of global importance. Despite much research there is no vaccine that prevents HIV infection. HIV can be avoided only by avoiding risky behaviours In U.S.A. the transmission of HIV among adolescents and adults is almost always the result of unprotected sex with an infected person or sharing contaminated needles.
The infection is preventable never mistakes needles and refraining from sexual intercourse oral, vaginal or anal. Risk can be substantially reduced by always using condoms for all types of sexual intercourse, and avoiding contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk of an infected person. Avoiding alcohol and drugs is also important in preventing the spread of HIV, not because a person can contract the HIV directly by drinking and using drugs, but because these habits often lead to conduct or enter into risky behaviours (such as having unprotected sex or share needles).
The most important way to prevent HIV and AIDS in infancy is to submit to HIV test all pregnant women. If the result is positive, we must immediately begin treatment before the baby is born to prevent HIV transmission. Among adolescents HIV is spread mostly through unprotected sex with an infected person or an exchange of needles.
The education of children is therefore extremely important to help prevent the sexual transmission of HIV, as well as other sexually transmitted diseases (STD), including chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B, syphilis and genital warts. Many STD cause irritation, sores, or ulcers of the skin and mucous membrane through which the virus is transmitted, if you have an STD, like genital herpes, for example, it was demonstrated that increases a person’s risk of contracting HIV if he or she has unprotected sex with someone who is HIV positive.
HIV is not spread through: casual contact such as hugs or handshakes, drinking from the same glass, sneezing, cough, mosquitoes or other insects, towels, sittings of water, knobs. In the United States have been reported only a handful of cases where HIV infection was transmitted from one child to another person, all of these cases relate to the direct contact with blood within the family. Typical of a child secretions (urine, saliva, vomit, feces, …) do not seem to transmit the virus, so the routine care of children with HIV are considered safe. Despite the general concern, there were no reported transmissions of HIV within a school or child care places. As the risk of passing HIV on the direct contact with blood, the staff in schools should be used on a regular gloves when a child has a cut, scratch, or is bleeding.
To reduce the risk: use latex or polyurethane condoms during sex, limit the number of sex partners, do not share syringes, drugs and equipment for various drugs; avoid sex with partners who have risky behaviours, avoid using tools that do not puncture the skin were disinfected. Remember: you can not tell if someone is infected with HIV just looking at him.